Solar panel orientation and tilt: south, east or west?
Sources checked
At the same 35° tilt and rated power, the source's PVGIS models give the highest annual output facing south. For 5 kWp in Bratislava, the estimates are about 6,023 kWh south, 4,723 kWh east and 4,679 kWh west. These estimates were obtained on 21 October 2026, rather than measured on real roofs.
Compare a useful roof design
An east- or west-facing roof is not automatically unsuitable. Usable area, shading, installation cost and the timing of electricity demand can change the practical choice. A lower annual yield can still provide useful production at another time of day.
Assess chimneys, trees, neighbouring buildings and seasonal shadows. A compass direction alone cannot describe their effect on the electrical layout.
Do not infer a universal best tilt
The quoted comparison holds tilt and other assumptions fixed. It does not prove one optimal tilt for every roof or provide an east-west system's self-consumption percentage.
On flat roofs, panel spacing, wind loading, ballast and access can constrain the layout. Have the design compare annual and time-of-day generation together with structural and electrical requirements.